Fortunes changed many times as the Yorkist and Lancastrian forces exchanged victories throughout 1469-1470 with even Edward captured for a brief time in 1469. Resistance smouldered in the North of England until 1464, but the early part of his reign remained relatively peaceful.Ī new phase of the wars broke out in 1469 after the Earl of Warwick, the most powerful noble in the country, withdrew his support for Edward and threw it behind the Lancastrian cause. Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV. After a Lancastrian counterattack in 1461, Edward claimed the throne, and the last serious Lancastrian resistance ended at the decisive Battle of Towton. With Richard of York’s death in 1460, the claim transferred to his heir, Edward. Historians disagree on which of these factors was the main reason for the wars. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453), unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York’s claim to the throne by Richard of York. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 14, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The Wars of the Roses were a series of fifteenth-century English civil wars for control of the throne of England, fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose, and the House of York, represented by a white rose.
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